This content originally appeared on DEV Community and was authored by VENKATA SRI HARI
Project Goal
The project involves setting up a Linux environment, creating and managing users/groups, setting appropriate permissions, and automating common tasks using shell scripts. This is a practical guide for DevOps engineers who manage Linux servers.
Step 1: Set Up the Linux Environment
- Launch an Ubuntu EC2 Instance Create an EC2 instance with the following configuration: Instance type: t2.micro AMI: Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS Storage: 20 GB SSH into the instance:
ssh -i key.pem ubuntu@
Step 2: Manage Users and Groups
- Create Users Add three users: devuser1, devuser2, and devopsadmin.
sudo useradd -m -s /bin/bash devuser1
sudo useradd -m -s /bin/bash devuser2
sudo useradd -m -s /bin/bash devopsadmin
Set passwords for the users:
echo "devuser1:password123" | sudo chpasswd
echo "devuser2:password123" | sudo chpasswd
echo "devopsadmin:adminpass" | sudo chpasswd
- Create Groups Create two groups: developers and admins.
sudo groupadd developers
sudo groupadd admins
Add users to the groups:
sudo usermod -aG developers devuser1
sudo usermod -aG developers devuser2
sudo usermod -aG admins devopsadmin
- Verify Group Membership
groups devuser1
groups devuser2
groups devopsadmin
Step 3: Set Permissions
- Create a Shared Directory Create a directory for developers:
sudo mkdir /shared/developers
Set group ownership and permissions:
sudo chown :developers /shared/developers
sudo chmod 770 /shared/developers
- Restrict Access Create a directory accessible only to admins:
sudo mkdir /shared/admins
sudo chown :admins /shared/admins
sudo chmod 750 /shared/admins
Verify permissions:
ls -ld /shared/*
Step 4: Automate Tasks with Shell Scripts
- Create a User Management Script Create a script to add users, assign them to groups, and set default passwords.
Script: user_management.sh
!/bin/bash
Check for root privileges
if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Please run as root"
exit 1
fi
Function to create a user and assign to a group
create_user() {
local username=$1
local group=$2
local password=$3
# Create user
useradd -m -s /bin/bash "$username"
echo "$username:$password" | chpasswd
# Add user to group
usermod -aG "$group" "$username"
echo "User $username created and added to group $group."
}
Create users and assign groups
create_user devuser1 developers password123
create_user devuser2 developers password123
create_user devopsadmin admins adminpass
echo "User creation completed."
- Create a Backup Script Create a script to back up the /shared directory daily.
Script: backup_shared.sh
!/bin/bash
Variables
SOURCE_DIR="/shared"
BACKUP_DIR="/backup"
TIMESTAMP=$(date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
Create backup directory if it doesn't exist
mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"
Create a backup
tar -czf "$BACKUP_DIR/shared_backup_$TIMESTAMP.tar.gz" "$SOURCE_DIR"
echo "Backup completed: $BACKUP_DIR/shared_backup_$TIMESTAMP.tar.gz"
- Automate Scripts with Cron Jobs Edit the crontab:
crontab -e
Add the following entries:
Run the backup script daily at 2 AM
0 2 * * * /path/to/backup_shared.sh
Step 5: Validate the Setup
- Test User and Group Management Log in as devuser1 and ensure they can access /shared/developers. Log in as devopsadmin and ensure they can access /shared/admins.
- Test Backup Script Run the backup script:
sudo bash /path/to/backup_shared.sh
Verify the backup file in /backup.
Step 6: Documentation and Cleanup
- Document All Steps Include commands and configurations in a markdown file for future reference.
- Cleanup (Optional) Remove test users, groups, and directories if no longer needed:
sudo userdel -r devuser1
sudo userdel -r devuser2
sudo userdel -r devopsadmin
sudo groupdel developers
sudo groupdel admins
sudo rm -rf /shared /backup
Extensions
Add Monitoring:
Use tools like htop, top, or prometheus-node-exporter to monitor resource usage.
Centralized Logging:
Configure rsyslog to collect and forward logs.
Advanced Automation:
Use Ansible to manage users, groups, and permissions across multiple servers.
This project provides a complete Linux administration setup, essential for DevOps workflows. Let me know if you need assistance with any specific part!
This content originally appeared on DEV Community and was authored by VENKATA SRI HARI
VENKATA SRI HARI | Sciencx (2025-01-18T15:30:33+00:00) Linux Administration for DevOps. Retrieved from https://www.scien.cx/2025/01/18/linux-administration-for-devops/
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