Managing Mongoose Projections in NestJS

The Backstory

While building a module in NestJS, I encountered a common dilemma: How to secure sensitive data in populated documents without overhauling our existing architecture?

Here’s how I addressed it pragmatically, while acknowledging…


This content originally appeared on DEV Community and was authored by Subhadeep Datta

The Backstory

While building a module in NestJS, I encountered a common dilemma: How to secure sensitive data in populated documents without overhauling our existing architecture?

Here’s how I addressed it pragmatically, while acknowledging room for improvement.

The Problem, Simplified

  1. Combined Auth/Profile Models: User authentication and profile data lived in a single schema (a known anti-pattern, but we all cut corners sometimes 😬).
  2. Leaky Projections: Sensitive fields like password and OTP slipped into API responses through populated relationships.
  3. Repetitive Code: Similar field exclusions were duplicated across multiple queries.

The Middle-Ground Solution

Instead of fully refactoring our auth system (which would’ve been ideal), I focused on immediate risk mitigation:

Step 1: Centralized Projection Configs 

// database/projections.config.ts  
export const UserSafeProjection = {  
  password: 0,  
  otp: 0,  
  email: 0,  
  mobileNumber: 0,  
  __v: 0  
};  

export const EntityBaseProjection = { __v: 0 };

Step 2: Reusable Population Blueprints 

// database/populations.config.ts  
export const TrainingMaterialPopulations = [  
  {  
    path: 'createdBy',  
    select: UserSafeProjection  
  },  
  {  
    path: 'project',  
    populate: {  
      path: 'organisation',  
      select: EntityBaseProjection  
    }  
  }  
];

Step 3: Cleaner Service Implementation 

async findById(id: string) {  
  return this.trainingMaterialModel  
    .findById(id)  
    .populate(TrainingMaterialPopulations)  
    .select(EntityBaseProjection)  
    .lean();  
}

Why This Works (For Now)

Pros Cons
Immediate security improvement Still need proper auth separation
Reduces code duplication Partial technical debt remains
Easy to maintain/update Projections ≠ full authorization

Lessons Learned

  • Layer Your Security: Projections are just one piece of the puzzle.
  • Document Tradeoffs: Added JSDoc: // TEMP: Remove after auth refactor (Q4?)
  • Start Small: Even partial solutions can reduce risk while you plan bigger fixes.

Next Steps (If I Weren’t Lazy)

  • Separate auth into its own service/collection.
  • Implement proper role-based access control.
  • Add encryption for sensitive fields.

Your Thoughts?

How do you balance immediate fixes with long-term ideals? Have a better pattern for handling nested projections? Let’s discuss!


This content originally appeared on DEV Community and was authored by Subhadeep Datta


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