The Role of Reference Points in Achieving Equilibrium Efficiency in Fair and Socially Just Economies

This article explores how a simple change in the reference point can achieve a Pareto-efficient equilibrium in both free and fair economies and those with social justice.


This content originally appeared on HackerNoon and was authored by Tokenomy

Abstract and 1. Introduction

  1. A free and fair economy: definition, existence and uniqueness

    2.1 A free economy

    2.2 A free and fair economy

  2. Equilibrium existence in a free and fair economy

    3.1 A free and fair economy as a strategic form game

    3.2 Existence of an equilibrium

  3. Equilibrium efficiency in a free and fair economy

  4. A free economy with social justice and inclusion

    5.1 Equilibrium existence and efficiency in a free economy with social justice

    5.2 Choosing a reference point to achieve equilibrium efficiency

  5. Some applications

    6.1 Teamwork: surplus distribution in a firm

    6.2 Contagion and self-enforcing lockdown in a networked economy

    6.3 Bias in academic publishing

    6.4 Exchange economies

  6. Contributions to the closely related literature

  7. Conclusion and References

Appendix

5.2 Choosing a reference point to achieve equilibrium efficiency

\

\ Remark that this result holds for any value of α, including for α = 1, which corresponds to a situation where the tax rate is zero. In that case, the entire surplus of the economy is distributed following the Shapley value. The analysis implies that if an economy can choose its reference point, it can always do so to lead to equilibrium efficiency.

\

:::info Authors:

(1) Ghislain H. Demeze-Jouatsa, Center for Mathematical Economics, University of Bielefeld (demeze jouatsa@uni-bielefeld.de);

(2) Roland Pongou, Department of Economics, University of Ottawa (rpongou@uottawa.ca);

(3) Jean-Baptiste Tondji, Department of Economics and Finance, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (jeanbaptiste.tondji@utrgv.edu).

:::


:::info This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license.

:::

\


This content originally appeared on HackerNoon and was authored by Tokenomy


Print Share Comment Cite Upload Translate Updates
APA

Tokenomy | Sciencx (2025-09-17T14:30:04+00:00) The Role of Reference Points in Achieving Equilibrium Efficiency in Fair and Socially Just Economies. Retrieved from https://www.scien.cx/2025/09/17/the-role-of-reference-points-in-achieving-equilibrium-efficiency-in-fair-and-socially-just-economies/

MLA
" » The Role of Reference Points in Achieving Equilibrium Efficiency in Fair and Socially Just Economies." Tokenomy | Sciencx - Wednesday September 17, 2025, https://www.scien.cx/2025/09/17/the-role-of-reference-points-in-achieving-equilibrium-efficiency-in-fair-and-socially-just-economies/
HARVARD
Tokenomy | Sciencx Wednesday September 17, 2025 » The Role of Reference Points in Achieving Equilibrium Efficiency in Fair and Socially Just Economies., viewed ,<https://www.scien.cx/2025/09/17/the-role-of-reference-points-in-achieving-equilibrium-efficiency-in-fair-and-socially-just-economies/>
VANCOUVER
Tokenomy | Sciencx - » The Role of Reference Points in Achieving Equilibrium Efficiency in Fair and Socially Just Economies. [Internet]. [Accessed ]. Available from: https://www.scien.cx/2025/09/17/the-role-of-reference-points-in-achieving-equilibrium-efficiency-in-fair-and-socially-just-economies/
CHICAGO
" » The Role of Reference Points in Achieving Equilibrium Efficiency in Fair and Socially Just Economies." Tokenomy | Sciencx - Accessed . https://www.scien.cx/2025/09/17/the-role-of-reference-points-in-achieving-equilibrium-efficiency-in-fair-and-socially-just-economies/
IEEE
" » The Role of Reference Points in Achieving Equilibrium Efficiency in Fair and Socially Just Economies." Tokenomy | Sciencx [Online]. Available: https://www.scien.cx/2025/09/17/the-role-of-reference-points-in-achieving-equilibrium-efficiency-in-fair-and-socially-just-economies/. [Accessed: ]
rf:citation
» The Role of Reference Points in Achieving Equilibrium Efficiency in Fair and Socially Just Economies | Tokenomy | Sciencx | https://www.scien.cx/2025/09/17/the-role-of-reference-points-in-achieving-equilibrium-efficiency-in-fair-and-socially-just-economies/ |

Please log in to upload a file.




There are no updates yet.
Click the Upload button above to add an update.

You must be logged in to translate posts. Please log in or register.