Understanding the Spring MVC Design Pattern

Spring MVC internally follows the MVC (Model–View–Controller) design pattern. It divides the application into three parts:

Model – Manages data and business logic.
View – Represents the front-end (such as JSP pages, Thymeleaf templates). It displays …


This content originally appeared on DEV Community and was authored by arunagri82

Spring MVC internally follows the MVC (Model–View–Controller) design pattern. It divides the application into three parts:

  • Model – Manages data and business logic.
  • View – Represents the front-end (such as JSP pages, Thymeleaf templates). It displays information to the user and collects input.
  • Controller – Acts as an intermediary between the View and the Model. It processes user requests, invokes business logic, and sends data back to the View. In Spring MVC, the @Controller and @RequestMapping annotations are mainly responsible for handling HTTP requests.

Key Components in Spring MVC Pattern

  1. Client
    • The browser (or any client) sends an HTTP request.
  2. DispatcherServlet
    • Known as the Front Controller.
    • This is the entry point of the Spring MVC application.
    • It receives every request from the client and delegates it to the right component.
  3. Handler Mapping
    • Determines which Controller should handle the incoming request.
  4. Controller
    • Connects the View and the Model.
    • Handles the client request and invokes business logic from the Model.
  5. Model
    • Represents the data and business logic of the application.
  6. View Resolver
    • Selects the appropriate View (such as JSP, Thymeleaf).
    • In case of a REST controller, the data is returned directly without going through a View.
  7. View
    • The final output shown to the user (HTML, JSON, XML, etc.).

Advantages of Spring MVC

  • Lightweight – Works with a lightweight servlet container.
  • Separation of concerns – Clear separation between front-end and back-end code.
  • Loosely coupled – Easy to maintain and extend.
  • Team-friendly – Multiple developers can work together efficiently (front-end and back-end separately).


This content originally appeared on DEV Community and was authored by arunagri82


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