Smart Contract Core Theory

Preface

Understanding the underlying mechanism of smart contracts is crucial for writing secure and efficient code.

From Source Code to Bytecode

Source Code: It is human-readable code written in Solidity.

Compiler: The source …


This content originally appeared on DEV Community and was authored by Loading Blocks

Preface

Understanding the underlying mechanism of smart contracts is crucial for writing secure and efficient code.

From Source Code to Bytecode

  • Source Code: It is human-readable code written in Solidity.
  • Compiler: The source code is processed by a compiler, which optimizes it and converts it to low-level code understandable by machines.
  • Bytecode: The compiler outputs bytecode, which is optimized code that is hard for humans to read.

Deployment

  • When deploying a smart contract, bytecode, not source code, is sent to the blockchain.
  • Once the transaction is mined and added to the blockchain, the contract is successfully deployed and its code is immutable.

Smart Contract Execution

  • EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) is an environment that executes smart contract bytecode, essentially acting as a bytecode interpreter.
  • Every full node in the Ethereum network runs an EVM instance to verify and execute transactions.

Interaction Methods

  • Transaction:
    • To modify the contract's state, a transaction must be sent.
    • Transactions require a Gas fee and are asynchronous, so the completion time is uncertain.
    • Transactions cannot directly return values; results must be obtained via events or subsequent calls.
  • Call:
    • Calls are used to read contract state without modifying it.
    • Calls are free and instantaneous as they execute locally without requiring network-wide consensus and can return values directly.


This content originally appeared on DEV Community and was authored by Loading Blocks


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