Day-99 Multithreading in Java

Multithreading is the process of executing multiple threads simultaneously.

A thread is the smallest unit of execution.
Java provides strong multithreading support via the Thread class and Runnable interface.
It helps in better CPU utilization and im…


This content originally appeared on DEV Community and was authored by Tamilselvan K

Multithreading is the process of executing multiple threads simultaneously.

  • A thread is the smallest unit of execution.
  • Java provides strong multithreading support via the Thread class and Runnable interface.
  • It helps in better CPU utilization and improved application performance.

Ways to Create a Thread

There are two main ways to create a thread in Java:

a) Extending the Thread Class 

class MyThread extends Thread {
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("Thread running using Thread class!");
    }
}

public class ThreadDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyThread t1 = new MyThread();
        t1.start(); // Start the thread
    }
}

b) Implementing the Runnable Interface 

class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("Thread running using Runnable interface!");
    }
}

public class RunnableDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new MyRunnable());
        t1.start();
    }
}

Thread Lifecycle

A thread passes through these states:

New → Runnable → Running → Waiting → Terminated

  • New: Thread object created but not started.
  • Runnable: Thread is ready to run but waiting for CPU scheduling.
  • Running: Thread is currently executing.
  • Waiting/Timed Waiting: Thread is paused temporarily.
  • Terminated: Thread has finished execution.

Common Thread Methods

  1. start() → begin thread execution
  2. run() → contains the logic of the thread
  3. sleep(ms) → pause thread for given milliseconds
  4. join() → wait for a thread to finish
  5. isAlive() → check if thread is running

Synchronization

When multiple threads access a shared resource, race conditions may occur.

  • synchronized keyword ensures that only one thread can access a resource at a time.

Conclusion

  • Threads allow concurrent execution.
  • Two ways to create threads: Thread class & Runnable interface.
  • Use synchronization to prevent race conditions.
  • Multithreading is widely used in games, web servers, and real-time applications.


This content originally appeared on DEV Community and was authored by Tamilselvan K


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