This content originally appeared on DEV Community and was authored by LOKHITHA S
Database normalization is the process of organizing data to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity. In this tutorial, we’ll go step-by-step from Unnormalized Table → 1NF → 2NF → 3NF, and implement it using **MySQL.
We’ll also write a JOIN query to display students along with their courses and instructors.
Insertion Anomaly: Cannot add a new course without assigning it to a student.
Update Anomaly: If an instructor’s phone number changes, multiple rows must be updated.
Deletion Anomaly: Removing a student could delete information about the course and instructor. 1.First Normal Form (1NF)
Rule: Each column should have atomic values.
Our table already satisfies 1NF.
This content originally appeared on DEV Community and was authored by LOKHITHA S
LOKHITHA S | Sciencx (2025-10-09T01:28:00+00:00) Normalization. Retrieved from https://www.scien.cx/2025/10/09/normalization-4/
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